Scientist calls for action to avoid climate 'catastrophe'

Analysis of global disaster data reveals that climate change-induced disasters are severely exacerbating vulnerabilities and hindering progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as set out by the United Nations.

These disasters affect nearly 490 million people worldwide, necessitating urgent, coordinated responses to address critical health, housing, and social needs.

Furthermore, every year an estimated 1.48 million individuals face a heightened risk of injury, while 3.85 million people are newly homeless as a direct consequence of these crises and 72,000 individuals are facing the risk of losing their lives.

While these figures are alarming, global progress on emissions reduction remains insufficient.

Since establishing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, CO₂ emissions have continued their upward trend – rising from 356 parts per million (ppm) to more than 420 ppm in 2023.

Without transformative changes in policy and energy infrastructure, this trajectory threatens the achievement of global climate targets.

The world is reconvening again in Baku, Azerbaijan, for the Conference of the Parties (COP29) with concrete expectations to solve the climate crisis.

These expectations include setting new financial goals, enhancing national climate commitments, and operationalising the Loss and Damage Fund.

Other crucial focus areas include advancing global adaptation strategies, setting indicators to measure progress, addressing fossil fuel phase-outs, and launching a universal green taxonomy.

What remains most troubling, however, is the fragmentation of global efforts. Recognising climate risks is clear, yet meaningful action lags.

We are at a pivotal moment in history, tasked with addressing climate threats, rising homelessness, and achieving the SDGs by 2030.

Construction workers on site in Bangladesh completing a climate resilient home. (Image: University of Dundee)

Despite these daunting obstacles, we have the power to create change.

Here at the UNESCO Centre for Water Law Policy and Science, at the University of Dundee, we believe the two key elements are essential for tackling these global issues.

First, radical innovation and economic rethinking are critical to addressing climate change.

Envision a world where cities generate clean energy and buildings are self-sustaining and climate-resilient.

Accelerating the transition to renewable energy will reduce emissions and foster economic resilience.

A "Just Transition" framework ensures fossil fuel workers are retrained for green economy roles.

Our climate-resilient home, designed as a Net Zero Energy Building, targets global emissions from construction, which is responsible for 37% of global emissions – 11% from materials and 26% from operations.

Net zero bricks developed for the University of Dundee's climate resilient homes. (Image: University of Dundee)

Our design uses innovative net zero bricks, offering superior strength, durability, and cost-efficiency while embracing passive design principles and renewable energy options like photovoltaics, wind power, and waste-to-energy solutions.

Second, ending homelessness requires proactive solutions and housing stability.

A "Housing First" approach prioritizes permanent housing as a foundation for security and well-being.

This approach has been successful in countries like Finland, drastically reducing homelessness by providing homes without preconditions.

The UK's Autumn Budget earmarks £233 million to tackle homelessness, but more comprehensive measures are essential.

Our climate-resilient home is a six-bedroom villa. Materials and construction cost a total of just £7,000, offering a cost-effective alternative that provides climate-friendly, robust housing solutions.

To combat climate change, eradicate homelessness, and achieve the SDGs, we must act boldly and collectively.

This is not just a vision but a blueprint for a future we can build together – a future where we respect our planet, ensure everyone has a place to call home and leave a legacy of peace, equality, and dignity for all.

The time for talking has passed. We must act now.

Dr Nandan Mukherjee works at the University of Dundee’s UNESCO Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science. He is currently serving as a negotiator at COP29, representing the government of Bangladesh on the Loss and Damage committee.