Larry Stevenson

Larry Stevenson, who has died aged 81 after suffering from Parkinson's disease for many years, was a skateboard maker who helped take the sport from an early 1960s children's gimmick to a respectable and professional sport.

He was a design innovator who developed features still found on skateboards 50 years later, and a businessman who was among the first to make professional and mass-produced boards.

But many skaters say his greatest achievement was getting the public to accept skateboards by permanently linking them to surfing, a sport that had become a national craze and was inspiring movies and music.

"That freedom of being in the waves, he wanted to transfer that to land," said Michael Brooke, author of the 1999 history of skateboarding, The Concrete Wave, and who often interviewed Mr Stevenson.

"He basically was the godfather of skate culture. Before him, skateboards were toys."

A southern California native, he was working as a lifeguard at Venice Beach in 1959 when he saw youngsters moving around on mostly home-made boards with clay or metal wheels.

Before he started manufacturing he became a pioneer in promoting the sport through magazine pictures and stories, an element that would be almost as essential to skate culture as the boards.

He pushed skateboarding in Surf Guide, a magazine he founded with a friend, showing pictures of skaters carving up pavements alongside surfers riding waves.

He then began designing and selling boards with his wife out of their garage.

His first commercially produced board was known as the Makaha Surf & Ski Skateboard, in a direct attempt to link the sport to the ski slopes as well as to the waves.

He used the Makaha name, taken from a Hawaiian surf spot, for the company he would run for the next several decades.

By 1965, the company had sold $4 million dollars worth of skateboards.

The sport would go through a drop-off by the end of 1965, with police and politicians spreading fear about the dangerous skateboard menace on city streets. Manufacturers and skaters disappeared almost overnight.

"Everyone in the skateboard industry at the time was wondering if skateboarding was the next hula hoop," Stevenson said in the 2011 book The Skateboard: The Good, the Rad and the Gnarly.

"I still had the feeling that skateboarding would come back, and it did."

He kept making boards and in 1969 left his most lasting mark on design with the kicktail, an upward curve at the end of the previously flat board that is used to do nearly every modern trick.

He had to fight in court for years to keep fellow board makers from violating his patent.

When the sport revived, more or less permanently, in the 1970s, he and Makaha were perfectly poised to thrive again.