BOUNDLESS AS THE SKY
Dawn Raffel
(Sagging Meniscus, £16.99)
As much a poetic as a literary experience, Dawn Raffel’s sixth book is partially a homage to Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities on the 50th anniversary of its publication. Its first half shelters under the umbrella title of “The City towards Which my Journey Trends” – a Calvino quote – and is a fragmentary travelogue of imaginary cities.
One of these is crowded with pillars of salt, Lot’s Wife taking pride of place amongst people who couldn’t resist looking where they shouldn’t. In another, a population flees its home to escape a flood, future generations returning to live there and even learning to breathe underwater. In the city of Serena, old women must wear masks at all times, by law. And there’s the City of Exits, which everyone has left.
They range from brief sketches of a few paragraphs to vignettes lasting a couple of pages. The one exception is “The Art of Living in Advance”, a full-blown short story concerning a woman who is preoccupied with finding out who the female character in her partner’s latest work of fiction is based on, which shows how successfully Raffel’s lyrical, allusive style adapts to a more realist form.
The book so far is laced with magical realism, but also touches of wit and irony which lighten the weighty baggage of tackling a homage to the venerable Calvino. Some of these vignettes are just puzzling and inscrutable, but themes emerge, such as the medical establishment’s hold over women’s bodies and men’s ambitions to channel their desires, which will resurface later.
The second half mimics the format of the first, only as short chapters of a novella rather than stand-alone pieces. It’s set on the afternoon of 7 July 1933 in Chicago, where Century of Progress, otherwise known as the World’s Fair, is being held. That day, in a show of strength by Mussolini, 24 Italian seaplanes are scheduled to land in formation after an epic 7000-mile journey from Rome, led by the commander of the Italian air force. The armada is late. Crowds are left hanging around the various pavilions on the shore of Lake Michigan waiting for them to show up. Many, like Rufus Cutler Dawes, president of Century of Progress, are based on real people, others are imaginary.
There’s pianist and salesman Toby Weber, who is waiting for his girlfriend Dessie so that they can elope, but slowly realises she isn’t going to turn up. Louise the Bird Girl from a freak show, a pickpocket and his victims, a nervous cop. Some teenagers, who have realised that if they slip out the back of the pavilion full of babies in incubators they can see the Streets of Paris strip show for free.
“Americans would let these babies die. They are ‘weaklings’ in a country where being strong is everything,” their French nurse reflects, as if we hadn’t already been alerted to the dark shadows of this bright afternoon by the characters’ Depression-induced desperation, their memories of the war and fears of the future, the eugenics lectures taking place in one of the exhibition halls and the rigid social rules that leave the young with only a lifetime of conformity to look forward to.
Given that it allows for limited development or resolution, I was unsure of “Boundless as the Sky” at first. But on a second reading (it’s a short book) the impressionistic glimpses of its characters swim into sharper focus, and we can see how the beguiling otherworldliness of the “City” section subtly persists throughout the second half, bringing out a rare poise and lyricism.
ALASTAIR MABBOTT
Why are you making commenting on The Herald only available to subscribers?
It should have been a safe space for informed debate, somewhere for readers to discuss issues around the biggest stories of the day, but all too often the below the line comments on most websites have become bogged down by off-topic discussions and abuse.
heraldscotland.com is tackling this problem by allowing only subscribers to comment.
We are doing this to improve the experience for our loyal readers and we believe it will reduce the ability of trolls and troublemakers, who occasionally find their way onto our site, to abuse our journalists and readers. We also hope it will help the comments section fulfil its promise as a part of Scotland's conversation with itself.
We are lucky at The Herald. We are read by an informed, educated readership who can add their knowledge and insights to our stories.
That is invaluable.
We are making the subscriber-only change to support our valued readers, who tell us they don't want the site cluttered up with irrelevant comments, untruths and abuse.
In the past, the journalist’s job was to collect and distribute information to the audience. Technology means that readers can shape a discussion. We look forward to hearing from you on heraldscotland.com
Comments & Moderation
Readers’ comments: You are personally liable for the content of any comments you upload to this website, so please act responsibly. We do not pre-moderate or monitor readers’ comments appearing on our websites, but we do post-moderate in response to complaints we receive or otherwise when a potential problem comes to our attention. You can make a complaint by using the ‘report this post’ link . We may then apply our discretion under the user terms to amend or delete comments.
Post moderation is undertaken full-time 9am-6pm on weekdays, and on a part-time basis outwith those hours.
Read the rules here