Survivors have been digging by hand in eastern Afghanistan villages reduced to rubble by a powerful earthquake that killed at least 1,000 people - as the Taliban and the international community that fled their takeover struggle to aid the disaster's victims.

In Paktika province's hard-hit Gayan district, villagers stood atop the mud bricks that once was a home there. Others carefully walked through dirt alleyways, gripping on to damaged walls with exposed timber beams to make their way.

The quake was Afghanistan's deadliest in two decades, and officials said the toll could rise. An estimated 1,500 others were reported injured, the state-run news agency said.

The disaster inflicted by the six magnitude quake heaps more misery on a country where millions face increasing hunger and poverty and the health system has been crumbling since the Taliban retook power nearly 10 months ago amid the US and Nato withdrawal.

The takeover led to a cut-off of vital international financing, and most of the world has shunned the Taliban government.

How the world will offer aid - and whether the Taliban will allow it - remained in question as rescuers without heavy equipment dug through rubble with their bare hands.

"We ask from the Islamic Emirate and the whole country to come forward and help us," said a survivor who gave his name as Hakimullah.

"We are with nothing and have nothing, not even a tent to live in."

The full extent of the destruction among the villages tucked in the mountains was slow in coming to light.

The roads, which are rutted and difficult to travel in the best of circumstances, may have been badly damaged, and landslides from recent rains made access even more difficult.

While modern buildings withstand magnitude six earthquakes elsewhere, Afghanistan's mud-and-brick homes and landslide-prone mountains make such quakes even more dangerous.

Rescuers rushed in by helicopter, but the relief effort could be hindered by the exodus of many international aid agencies from Afghanistan after the Taliban takeover last August.

Moreover, most governments are wary of dealing directly with the Taliban.

In a sign of the muddled workings between the Taliban and the rest of the world, the Taliban had not formally requested that the UN mobilise international search-and-rescue teams or obtain equipment from neighbouring countries to supplement the few dozen ambulances and several helicopters sent in by Afghan authorities, said Ramiz Alakbarov, the UN deputy special representative to Afghanistan.

Still, officials from multiple UN agencies said the Taliban was giving them full access to the area.

Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid wrote on Twitter that eight trucks of food and other necessities from Pakistan arrived in Paktika.

He also said on Thursday that two planes of humanitarian aid from Iran and another from Qatar had arrived in the country.

Obtaining more direct international help may be more difficult; many countries, including the US, funnel humanitarian aid to Afghanistan through the UN and other such organisations to avoid putting money in the Taliban's hands.

In a news bulletin on Thursday, Afghanistan state television made a point to acknowledge that US President Joe Biden - their one-time enemy - offered condolences over the earthquake and had promised aid.

Mr Biden on Wednesday ordered "USAID and other federal government partners to assess US response options to help those most affected," a White House statement said.

The quake was centred in Paktika province, about 31 miles south-west of the city of Khost, according to neighbouring Pakistan's Meteorological Department.

Experts put its depth at just six miles. Shallow earthquakes tend to cause more damage.

The death toll reported by the Bakhtar news agency was equal to that of a quake in 2002 in northern Afghanistan.

Those are the deadliest since 1998, when an earthquake that was also 6.1 in magnitude and subsequent tremors in the remote north-east killed at least 4,500 people.

Wednesday's quake took place in a region prone to landslides, with many older, weaker buildings.

In neighbouring Khost province's Speray district, which also sustained serious damage, men stood atop what once was a mud home.

The quake had ripped open its timber beams. People sat outside under a makeshift tent made of a blanket that blew in the breeze.

Survivors quickly prepared the district's dead, including children and an infant, for burial.

Officials fear more dead will be found in the coming days.

"It is hard to gather all the exact information because it is mountainous area," said Sultan Mahmood, Speray district's chief.

"The information that we have is what we have gathered from the residents of these areas."