The pilot of a police helicopter which crashed into a pub killing 10 people could have been “dangerously misled” by an error in a maintenance manual, a fatal accident inquiry has heard.
Pilot David Traill, two crew members and seven customers in the Clutha bar in Glasgow were killed when the aircraft crashed on to the roof of the building on November 29, 2013.
Marcus Cook, senior inspector at the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) was questioned by Donald Findlay QC, representing the family of victim Robert Jenkins, at the inquiry on Wednesday.
Mr Findlay asked Mr Cook if the pilot would have three to four minutes from one engine on the helicopter flaming out due to fuel shortage and the second doing so.
Mr Cook said it would not be minutes, but kilograms of fuel.
Marcus Cook from the Air Accidents Investigation Branch outside the inquiry at Hampden (Andrew Milligan/PA)
He said: “The maintenance manual is incorrect. It would be three to four kilograms – hence about a minute.”
Mr Cook said he did not know how the mistake occurred and the maintenance manual had since been changed.
Mr Findlay asked: “If the pilot Captain Traill knew about the gap and understood it to be three or four minutes, he had been badly misled?
“If he knew,” Mr Cook replied.
“And dangerously misled,” Mr Findlay added.
Mr Cook said: “Your words.”
Mr Findlay asked: “Is there anything wrong with my words?”
“No,” Mr Cook replied.
He said it was “probably but maybe unlikely” that the pilot was aware of the manual as it was for maintenance.
READ MORE: Clutha pilot ‘should have made an emergency call long before crash’
He said the pilot would have had 40 seconds to react when the first engine flamed out at around 500 to 600 feet.
When the second engine followed, there would have been less than 10 seconds to react.
He said there were indications the pilot attempted to have the helicopter auto-rotate to land with some degree of safety, but this did not work.
Mr Cook said the first low fuel light, of five fuel warnings, would have come on when the pilot was around Bothwell, which is about 11 road miles from Glasgow city centre, and at that time he would have been expected to land within 10 minutes.
The inquiry heard the AAIB report indicates the helicopter then went to Uddingston and Bargeddie.
Mr Findlay asked: “Why would anyone with the warnings and the knowledge of the amount of fuel on board then carry out an operation at Uddingston, let alone going on to Bargeddie, in that situation?
The bar area in the Clutha was largely destroyed in the crash (Andrew Milligan/PA)
Mr Cook said: “I’ve absolutely no idea,” adding that he would not have done so.
Mr Findlay asked Mr Cook how the crash happened.
He replied: “Unfortunately we could not come to a positive conclusion apart from not landing in 10 minutes.”
READ MORE: Clutha inquiry - Helicopter’s final moments ‘like a swooshing sound as it fell from sky’
He said he assumed the pilot was heading back to the heliport in Glasgow.
Questioned by Roddy Dunlop QC, for helicopter manufacturer Airbus, Mr Cook agreed the maintenance manual said the difference between the two fuel supply tanks was around 4kg, which was shown in a diagram.
The manual said the difference would give three to four minutes flight time between the first engine flame-out and the second, but Mr Dunlop said with a fuel burn rate of 3.3kg per minute the pilot would know this would be under three to four minutes.
Mr Dunlop said: “In ordinary circumstances the helicopter would be put down within 10 minutes of the red light coming on, in ordinary circumstances no-one’s flying on the residual 4kg.”
In a 2006 pilot training manual, the fuel difference was shown as 4kg.
Asked by Mr Dunlop if this was the manual Captain Traill would have trained on, Mr Cook said: “I’ll take your word on that.”
The inquiry also heard agreed evidence on how the victims died, most from head or neck injuries caused by the crash which left several of them trapped in the rubble and wreckage.
READ MORE: Clutha helicopter inquiry - Pilot given five low fuel warnings
The purpose of the FAI is to determine the cause of the deaths, establish whether they could have been prevented and enable the sheriff to make recommendations that could prevent fatalities in similar circumstances.
More than 100 people were at the Clutha Vaults pub when the helicopter, returning to its base on the banks of the River Clyde, crashed through the roof.
The inquiry, which continues on Wednesday April 17, is expected to involve around three months of evidence spread over six calendar months this year.
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