A second large earthquake of magnitude-6.9 has struck on Hawaii's Big Island near a volcanic eruption that has forced residents to evacuate their rural homes.
Many people fled the threat of lava that spewed into the air in bursts of fire and pushed up steam from cracks in roadways on Friday, while others tried to get back to their homes.
Officials ordered more than 1,700 people out of neighbourhoods near Kilauea volcano's newest lava flow, warning of the dangers of spattering hot rock and high levels of sulphuric gas that could threaten the elderly and people with breathing problems. Two homes have burned.
Adding to the chaos, a huge magnitude-6.9 earthquake struck near the south part of the volcano, following a smaller quake that rattled the same spot. Officials said the airport and roads were not damaged, but residents said they felt strong shaking and more stress as they dealt with the dual environmental phenomena.
Communities in the mostly rural Puna district, which sits on Kilauea's eastern flank, know it is one of the world's most active volcanoes and have seen its destruction before.
Julie Woolsey evacuated her home late on Thursday as a volcanic vent, or an opening in the Earth's surface where lava emerges, sprouted up on her street in the Leilani Estates neighbourhood.
Lava was about 1,000 yards from her home.
"We knew we were building on an active volcano," she said, but added that she thought the danger from lava was a remote possibility.
She said she thought it was remote even days ago when she began packing and preparing to evacuate.
"You can't really predict what Pele is going to do," Ms Woolsey said, referring to the Hawaiian volcano goddess. "It's hard to keep up. We're hoping our house doesn't burn down."
She let her chickens loose, loaded her dogs into her truck and evacuated with her daughter and grandson to a cabin with her daughter's in-laws.
Two new volcanic vents, from which lava is spurting, developed on Friday, bringing the number formed to five.
Scientists were processing data from the earthquakes to see if they were affecting the eruption, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory spokeswoman Janet Babb said.
"The magma moving down the rift zones, it causes stress on the south flank of the volcano," she said. "We're just getting a series of earthquakes."
State Senator Russell Ruderman said he has experienced many earthquakes, but the magnitude-5.4 temblor that hit first "scared the heck out of me".
When the larger quake followed, he said he felt strong shaking in Hilo, the island's largest city that is roughly 45 minutes from the rural Puna area.
"We're all rattled right now," he said. "It's one thing after another. It's feeling kind of stressful out here."
State officials did not report damage to roadways. Hawaii County Acting Mayor Wil Okabe said the larger quake cracked a beam in a county gymnasium in Hilo, forcing workers to be sent home.
Authorities already had closed a long stretch of Highway 130, one of the main arteries through Puna, because of the threat of sulphuric gas.
Some residents still wanted to get home.
Brad Stanfill said the lava was more than three miles from his house but he was not allowed in because of a mandatory evacuation order.
He was frustrated because he wanted to feed his rabbits and dogs and check on his property.
One woman angrily told police guarding Leilani Estates that she was going in and they could not arrest her. She stormed past police unopposed.
Leilani Estates has about 1,700 residents and 770 homes. A nearby neighbourhood, Lanipuna Gardens, which has a few dozen people, also has been evacuated.
Kilauea has been continuously erupting since 1983 and is one of five volcanoes that make up the Big Island. Activity picked up earlier this week, indicating a possible new lava outbreak.
The crater floor began to collapse on Monday, triggering earthquakes and pushing the lava into new underground chambers.
The collapse caused magma to push more than 10 miles downslope toward the populated southeast coastline.
Why are you making commenting on The Herald only available to subscribers?
It should have been a safe space for informed debate, somewhere for readers to discuss issues around the biggest stories of the day, but all too often the below the line comments on most websites have become bogged down by off-topic discussions and abuse.
heraldscotland.com is tackling this problem by allowing only subscribers to comment.
We are doing this to improve the experience for our loyal readers and we believe it will reduce the ability of trolls and troublemakers, who occasionally find their way onto our site, to abuse our journalists and readers. We also hope it will help the comments section fulfil its promise as a part of Scotland's conversation with itself.
We are lucky at The Herald. We are read by an informed, educated readership who can add their knowledge and insights to our stories.
That is invaluable.
We are making the subscriber-only change to support our valued readers, who tell us they don't want the site cluttered up with irrelevant comments, untruths and abuse.
In the past, the journalist’s job was to collect and distribute information to the audience. Technology means that readers can shape a discussion. We look forward to hearing from you on heraldscotland.com
Comments & Moderation
Readers’ comments: You are personally liable for the content of any comments you upload to this website, so please act responsibly. We do not pre-moderate or monitor readers’ comments appearing on our websites, but we do post-moderate in response to complaints we receive or otherwise when a potential problem comes to our attention. You can make a complaint by using the ‘report this post’ link . We may then apply our discretion under the user terms to amend or delete comments.
Post moderation is undertaken full-time 9am-6pm on weekdays, and on a part-time basis outwith those hours.
Read the rules here