A "ground-breaking" science book has won the UK's top non-fiction award.

Steve Silberman's Neurotribes: The Legacy of Autism and How to Think Smarter About People Who Think Differently has scooped the £20,000 2015 Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-Fiction.

The book - the first popular science book to win the prize in its 17-year history - chronicles the history of societal attitudes and responses to autism, a condition that affects millions of people across the globe.

From the clinicians who discovered it, to the MMR vaccine controversy, San Francisco-based Silberman charts the journey of the complex disorder and seeks to answer the question of why there has been a massive rise in diagnoses.

Pulitzer prize-winning historian Anne Applebaum, chair of the judges, presented him with the prize, and said: "Silberman's ground-breaking archival research lays out the intellectual history of the condition we now call 'autism', tracing the evolution of the diagnosis from Nazi Vienna up until the present day, explaining how political and social context shaped scientific and medical perspectives.

"At the same time, Silberman's compassionate journalism explores the impact of popular culture on perceptions of autism, and the impact on the families of those who live with it.

"As a writer of popular science, the first ever to win the Samuel Johnson prize, Silberman also excels at using stories and anecdotes to explain complex medical issues to a wide audience.

"In the end, though, we admired Silberman's work because it is powered by a strongly argued set of beliefs: That we should stop drawing sharp lines between what we assume to be 'normal' and 'abnormal', and that we should remember how much the differently-wired human brain has, can and will contribute to our world.

"He has injected a hopeful note into a conversation that's normally dominated by despair. Neurotribes is tour de force of archival, journalistic and scientific research, both deeply researched and widely accessible."

Toby Mundy, director of the Samuel Johnson Prize, said the work was "a genre-breaking book with a global sweep, by an American author, published by the London imprint of an Australian publishing company".

Silberman is an award-winning investigative reporter and has covered science and cultural affairs for Wired and other national magazines for more than twenty years, with his writing appearing in The New Yorker, TIME, Nature and Salon.

The 2015 shortlist covered a variety of genres, from journalism, philosophy and biography to memoir and science.

Alongside Neurotribes, the other five titles in the running were Jonathan Bate's Ted Hughes: The Unauthorised Life, Robert Macfarlane's Landmarks, Laurence Scott's The Four-Dimensional Human, Emma Sky's The Unravelling: High Hopes and Missed Opportunities in Iraq, and Samanth Subramanian's